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the failure of crops

  • 1 failure of crops

    English-Russian base dictionary > failure of crops

  • 2 the rise in prices consequence upon the failure of the crops

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > the rise in prices consequence upon the failure of the crops

  • 3 the rise in prices consequent upon the failure of the crops

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > the rise in prices consequent upon the failure of the crops

  • 4 rise in prices consequence upon the failure of the crops

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > rise in prices consequence upon the failure of the crops

  • 5 failure

    ['feɪljə] n
    1) неудача; провал

    2000 самых употребительных английских слов > failure

  • 6 failure

    noun
    1) (omission, neglect) Versäumnis, das

    failure to do something — das Versäumnis, etwas zu tun

    2) (lack of success) Scheitern, das
    3) (unsuccessful person or thing) Versager, der

    the party/play was a failure — das Fest/Stück war ein Misserfolg

    our plan/attempt was a failure — unser Plan/Versuch war fehlgeschlagen

    4) (of supply) Zusammenbruch, der; (of engine, generator) Ausfall, der

    signal/engine failure — Ausfall des Signals/des Motors

    power failure — Stromausfall, der

    crop failure — Missernte, die

    5) (bankruptcy) Zusammenbruch, der
    * * *
    [-jə]
    1) (the state or act of failing: She was upset by her failure in the exam; failure of the electricity supply.) das Versagen
    2) (an unsuccessful person or thing: He felt he was a failure.) der Versager
    3) (inability, refusal etc to do something: his failure to reply.) das Versäumnis
    * * *
    fail·ure
    [ˈfeɪljəʳ, AM -ɚ]
    n
    1. no pl (lack of success) Scheitern nt, Versagen nt
    the thought of \failure der Gedanke, versagen zu können
    \failure rate Durchfallquote f
    to be doomed to \failure zum Scheitern verurteilt sein
    to end in \failure scheitern
    commercial \failure kommerzieller Misserfolg, kommerzielle Pleite
    3. (unsuccessful thing) Misserfolg m
    to be an utter \failure ein totaler Reinfall [o fam Flop] sein m; person Versager(in) m(f)
    I'm a bit of a \failure at making cakes ich bin im Kuchenbacken nicht besonders geschickt
    4. no pl (omission) Unterlassung f
    \failure to pay a bill COMM Nichtbezahlen nt einer Rechnung
    \failure to report an accident is a criminal offence es ist ein Vergehen, einen Unfall nicht zu melden
    5. TECH, ELEC (breakdown) Versagen nt kein pl
    \failure of brakes Bremsversagen nt
    \failure of the engine/system Ausfall m des Motors/Systems; ANAT
    heart/liver/kidney [or renal] \failure Herz-/Leber-/Nierenversagen nt
    electrical \failure Kurzschluss m
    business [or company] /bank \failure Bankrott m einer Firma/Bank
    7. AGR
    crop \failure Missernte f
    * * *
    ['feɪljə(r)]
    n
    1) (= lack of success) Misserfolg m; (of campaign, efforts, negotiations, plan, experiment, marriage) Fehlschlag m, Scheitern nt; (of undertaking, attempt) Fehlschlag m; (of application) Ablehnung f; (in exam, THEAT of play) Misserfolg m, Durchfall m; (of business) Eingehen nt

    failure to do sth — vergeblicher Versuch, etw zu tun

    failure rate (in exams) — Misserfolgsquote f; (of machine) Fehlerquote f

    2) (= unsuccessful person) Versager(in) m(f), Niete f (inf) (at in +dat); (= unsuccessful thing) Misserfolg m, Reinfall m (inf), Pleite f (inf)

    I'm a bit of a failure at making my own clothes — ich bin eine ziemliche Niete, wenn es darum geht, meine eigenen Kleider zu nähen (inf)

    3)

    (= omission, neglect) because of his failure to reply/act —

    his failure to notice anything — weil er nichts bemerkt hat

    failure to pay will result in prosecution — im Nichteinbringungsfall erfolgt Anzeige (form)

    4) (of health) Verschlechterung f; (of hearing, eyesight) Nachlassen nt; (of invalid) Nachlassen nt der Kräfte
    5) (= breakdown of generator, engine, electricity, pump, engine) Ausfall m; (of brakes) Versagen nt; (of supply, wind) Ausbleiben nt

    heart/kidney/liver failure — Herz-/Nieren-/Leberversagen nt

    failure of crops — Missernte f; (complete) Ernteausfall m

    * * *
    failure [ˈfeıljə(r)] s
    1. Fehlen n, Nichtvorhandensein n
    2. Ausbleiben n, Versagen n, Versiegen n
    3. Unterlassung f, Versäumnis n:
    failure to comply with instructions Nichtbefolgung f von Vorschriften;
    failure to pay Nichtzahlung f;
    his failure to report die Tatsache, dass er keinen Bericht erstattete oder dass er es unterließ, Bericht zu erstatten; → academic.ru/54588/performance">performance 7
    4. Ausbleiben n, Nichteintreten n (eines Ereignisses)
    5. Fehlschlag(en) m(n), Misslingen n, Misserfolg m, Scheitern n:
    failure of crops Missernte f
    6. Nachlassen n (der Kräfte etc)
    7. MED Versagen n, Störung f (der Herztätigkeit etc)
    8. TECH Versagen n, Störung f, Defekt m
    9. fig Schiffbruch m, Zusammenbruch m:
    10. WIRTSCH Bankrott m, Konkurs m
    11. Versager m (Person oder Sache), verkrachte Existenz (Person), Reinfall m (Sache), SPORT Ausfall m:
    he was a complete failure er war ein Totalausfall
    12. SCHULE Durchfallen n (in in einer Prüfung):
    failure rate Durchfallquote f
    * * *
    noun
    1) (omission, neglect) Versäumnis, das

    failure to do something — das Versäumnis, etwas zu tun

    2) (lack of success) Scheitern, das
    3) (unsuccessful person or thing) Versager, der

    the party/play was a failure — das Fest/Stück war ein Misserfolg

    our plan/attempt was a failure — unser Plan/Versuch war fehlgeschlagen

    4) (of supply) Zusammenbruch, der; (of engine, generator) Ausfall, der

    signal/engine failure — Ausfall des Signals/des Motors

    power failure — Stromausfall, der

    crop failure — Missernte, die

    5) (bankruptcy) Zusammenbruch, der
    * * *
    n.
    Ausfall -¨e m.
    Betriebsausfall m.
    Erfolglosigkeit f.
    Fehlschlag m.
    Misserfolg m.
    Versagen n.
    Versager - m.

    English-german dictionary > failure

  • 7 failure

    [-jə]
    1) (the state or act of failing: She was upset by her failure in the exam; failure of the electricity supply.) fracasso
    2) (an unsuccessful person or thing: He felt he was a failure.) fracasso/falhado
    3) (inability, refusal etc to do something: his failure to reply.) recusa
    * * *
    fail.ure
    [f'eiljə] n 1 falta, carência, falha, deficiência. 2 omissão, falta de execução. 3 insucesso, malogro, fracasso. 4 fracasso: pessoa que errou ou não triunfou na vida. 5 declínio, definhamento, decadência, decaimento, colapso. 6 falência, quebra, bancarrota, insolvência. failure of crops má colheita.

    English-Portuguese dictionary > failure

  • 8 failure

    - jə
    1) (the state or act of failing: She was upset by her failure in the exam; failure of the electricity supply.) fracaso, suspenso, corte
    2) (an unsuccessful person or thing: He felt he was a failure.) fracasado
    3) (inability, refusal etc to do something: his failure to reply.) incapacidad
    failure n fracaso
    tr['feɪljəSMALLr/SMALL]
    2 SMALLCOMMERCE/SMALL quiebra
    3 SMALLEDUCATION/SMALL suspenso
    4 (person) fracasado,-a
    5 (breakdown) fallo, avería
    6 (of crops) pérdida
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    heart failure paro cardíaco
    failure ['feɪljər] n
    1) : fracaso m, malogro m
    crop failure: pérdida de la cosecha
    heart failure: insuficiencia cardíaca
    engine failure: falla mecánica
    2) bankruptcy: bancarrota f, quiebra f
    3) : fracaso m (persona)
    he was a failure as a manager: como gerente, fue un fracaso
    n.
    • avería s.f.
    • despeño s.m.
    • falla s.f.
    • fallecimiento s.m.
    • fallo s.m.
    • falta s.f.
    • fiasco s.m.
    • fracasado s.m.
    • fracaso s.m.
    • malogro s.m.
    • naufragio s.m.
    • omisión s.f.
    • quiebra s.f.
    • suspenso s.m.
    'feɪljər, 'feɪljə(r)
    1)
    a) u (of marriage, talks) fracaso m
    b) c (unsuccessful thing, attempt) fracaso m; ( insolvency) quiebra f; (before n)

    failure rate — ( Busn) proporción f de quiebras; ( Educ) índice m de fracaso escolar

    c) c ( person) fracaso m
    d) c u ( breakdown)

    engine failure — falla f mecánica or (Esp) fallo m mecánico

    heart/kidney failure — insuficiencia f cardíaca/renal

    failure to + INF: failure to carry out orders el incumplimiento de las órdenes; her failure to understand — el (hecho de) que no entendiera/entienda

    ['feɪljǝ(r)]
    1. N
    1) (=lack of success) fracaso m ; (in exam) suspenso m ; [of crops] pérdida f ; [of supplies] corte m, interrupción f ; [of hopes] frustración f, malogro m

    to end in failure — acabar mal, malograrse (LAm)

    power 3.
    2) (Tech) fallo m, avería f ; (Med) crisis f inv, ataque m ; (Econ) quiebra f ; heart
    3) (=person) fracasado(-a) m / f
    4) (=neglect) falta f

    his failure to come — su ausencia, el que no viniera

    failure to pay — incumplimiento m en el pago, impago m

    2.
    CPD

    failure rate N — (in exams) porcentaje m de suspensos; [of machine] porcentaje m de averías

    * * *
    ['feɪljər, 'feɪljə(r)]
    1)
    a) u (of marriage, talks) fracaso m
    b) c (unsuccessful thing, attempt) fracaso m; ( insolvency) quiebra f; (before n)

    failure rate — ( Busn) proporción f de quiebras; ( Educ) índice m de fracaso escolar

    c) c ( person) fracaso m
    d) c u ( breakdown)

    engine failure — falla f mecánica or (Esp) fallo m mecánico

    heart/kidney failure — insuficiencia f cardíaca/renal

    failure to + INF: failure to carry out orders el incumplimiento de las órdenes; her failure to understand — el (hecho de) que no entendiera/entienda

    English-spanish dictionary > failure

  • 9 failure

    [-jə]
    1) (the state or act of failing: She was upset by her failure in the exam; failure of the electricity supply.) neuspeh; okvara
    2) (an unsuccessful person or thing: He felt he was a failure.) neuspešnež
    3) (inability, refusal etc to do something: his failure to reply.) nezmožnost
    * * *
    [féilə]
    noun
    propadanje, razdor; neuspeh, polomija, fiasko; brodolom; manjkanje; bankrot; razočaranje; zanemarjanje; nesrečnik, -nica
    to turn out a failure, to be a failure — ne se obnesti
    to end in ( —ali meet with) failure — doživeti neuspeh, ne se posrečiti
    he is a failure — nima uspeha, ni za nič

    English-Slovenian dictionary > failure

  • 10 failure

    ['feɪljə(r)]
    n
    ( lack of success) niepowodzenie nt; ( person) ofiara f (życiowa), nieudacznik m; ( of engine) uszkodzenie nt; ( of heart) niedomoga f, niewydolność f; ( of crops) nieurodzaj m
    * * *
    [-jə]
    1) (the state or act of failing: She was upset by her failure in the exam; failure of the electricity supply.) niepowodzenie, awaria
    2) (an unsuccessful person or thing: He felt he was a failure.) nieudacznik
    3) (inability, refusal etc to do something: his failure to reply.) odmowa

    English-Polish dictionary > failure

  • 11 failure

    تَعَطُّل \ breakdown: (of health, machines, plans etc.) a complete stop caused by trouble: A breakdown at the printing works delayed the newspapers. failure: (of the body, crops, engines, lights, etc.) being useless; not working: He died of heart failure. Engine failure stopped the car. stoppage: stopping; not continuing: a stoppage of work.

    Arabic-English glossary > failure

  • 12 failure

    تَوَقُّف \ failure: (of the body, crops, engines, lights, etc.) being useless; not working: He died of heart failure. Engine failure stopped the car. halt: a stop: The bus came to a halt. stop: stopping: The car came to a stop. stoppage: stopping; not continuing: a stoppage of work.

    Arabic-English glossary > failure

  • 13 failure **** fail·ure n

    ['feɪljə(r)]
    (gen) fallimento, (in exam) bocciatura, (of crops) perdita, (breakdown) guasto, avaria, (person) fallito (-a), (omission)

    his failure to come/answer — il fatto che non sia venuto/abbia risposto

    failure rate — (gen) numero di insuccessi, Scol numero di respinti

    English-Italian dictionary > failure **** fail·ure n

  • 14 failure

    اِنْقِطَاع \ break: a pause: a break between lessons. failure: (of the body, crops, engines, lights, etc.) being useless; not working: He died of heart failure: Engine failure stopped the car. \ See Also توقف (تَوَقُّف)‏

    Arabic-English glossary > failure

  • 15 gather in the crops

    English-Russian base dictionary > gather in the crops

  • 16 consequent

    {'kɔnsikwənt}
    I. 1. логически последователен
    който следва логически (from)
    2. който следва/е резултат (on, upon от)
    CONSEQUENT upon вследствие на
    II. 1. последствие, резултат
    2. лог. следствие, извод, заключение
    3. мат. втори член на пропорция
    4. грам. следствие (в условно изречение)
    * * *
    {'kъnsikwъnt} I. a 1. логически последователен; който след
    * * *
    следствие; последователен; последствие; заключение; логически;
    * * *
    1. consequent upon вследствие на 2. i. логически последователен 3. ii. последствие, резултат 4. грам. следствие (в условно изречение) 5. който следва логически (from) 6. който следва/е резултат (on, upon от) 7. лог. следствие, извод, заключение 8. мат. втори член на пропорция
    * * *
    consequent[´kɔnsikwənt] I. adj 1. логически последователен, който следва логически ( from); 2. който следва, който е резултат ( upon, on от); the rise in prices \consequent upon the failure of crops повишаване на цените в резултат на лошата реколта; 3. последователен (в действията си); FONT face=Times_Deutsch◊ adv consequently; II. n 1. последствие, последица, резултат; 2. лог. следствие, извод, заключение; 3. мат. вторият член на пропорция; 4. ез. главното изречение в сложно условно изречение.

    English-Bulgarian dictionary > consequent

  • 17 рост цен, вызванный неурожаем

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > рост цен, вызванный неурожаем

  • 18 неурожай

    2) Agriculture: failure
    3) Economy: bad crop, crop setback
    4) Forestry: poor crop, short crop

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > неурожай

  • 19 lay

    1. II
    lay in some manner lay well (again, etc.) хорошо и т. д. нестись
    2. III
    lay smth.
    1) lay a submarine cable (gas pipes, rails, etc.) прокладывать подводный кабель и т. д.; lay a floor настилать пол; lay a pavement мостить дорогу; lay linoleum (a carpet, a rug, etc.) класть линолеум и т. д., покрывать линолеумом и т. д.; lay asphalt покрывать асфальтом, асфальтировать; lay bricks класть./укладывать/ кирпичи; lay a bridge наводить мост; lay the table накрывать на стол; lay the cloth а) стелить скатерть; б) накрывать на стол; lay the plates (the spoons, the knives, etc.) сервировать стол (расставлять тарелки, раскладывать ложки и т. п.); lay the fire приготовить дрова, растопку и т. п., чтобы развести огонь (в калыме, печке)
    2) lay a snare (a trap, a net, etc.) ставить /расставлять/ силки и т. д.; lay an ambush устроить засаду; lay plans составить /разработать/ план
    3) lay eggs нестись, класть /откладывать/ яйца
    4) || lay a wager /а bet/ держать пари, биться об заклад
    5) lay the crops прибивать посевы;lay the rainstorm laid the oats ливень прибил /примял/ овес; sprinkle water to lay the dust побрызгай водой, чтобы прибить пыль /чтобы не поднять пыли/
    6) lay apprehensions (smb.'s foreboding. smb.'s fears, etc.) рассеивать чьи-л. опасения и т. д., успокаивать кого-л. и т. д.; what can we do to lay his doubts? как нам рассеять его сомнения?; lay a ghost /а spirit, a bogey/ изгонять духов
    3. IV
    1) lay smth. somewhere don't lay the book there не клади там книгу; he laid the scene of his last play abroad действие его последней пьесы происходит за границей
    2) lay smth. in some manner lay bricks quickly (the table artistically, etc.) быстро класть кирпича и т. д.
    3) lay smth. in some manner they laid their plans carefully, but failed all the same они тщательно разработали /продумали/ план, но тем не менее у них ничего не вышло
    4. VI
    1) lay smb., smth. in some state lay smb., smth. low flat/ повалить /свалять, опрокинуть/ кого-л., что-л.; he laid the tree low он повалил дерево; the blow laid him low удар свалил его /сбил его с ног/
    2) lay smth. in some state lay a region (a place, a country, a land, a district, etc.) waste опустошать район и т.д., lay land (a field) fallow оставлять землю (поле) под паром; lay a tract of land dry осушать участок земли
    3) lay smth., smb. in some state lay a way (an underground passage, etc.) open открывать путь и т. д.; оставлять путь и т. д. незащищенным; lay one's cheek (one's head, etc.) open рассечь щеку и т. д.; lay a plot open раскрыть заговор; lay one's heart (one's chest, one's secret, one's secret feelings, etc.) bare раскрывать /открывать/ [свою] душу и т. д.; lay one's plans bare раскрывать свои планы; lay oneself open to suspicion (to accusations, to criticism, to calumny, etc.) навлекать на себя подозрение и т. д., lay oneself open to attack подставлять себя под удар
    5. VII
    lay smb. to do smth. lay smb. to sleep /to rest/ a) уложить кого-л. спать; б) похоронить кого-л.
    6. XI
    1) be laid in some manner they are laid end to end их укладывают /кладут/ концами /конец к концу/
    2) be laid in some place a fire was laid in the grate дрова были положены в камин; the scene [of the story (of a play, of a tale, etc.)] is laid in London (in a small town in Germany, etc.) действие [в рассказе и т. д.] происходит /события [ рассказа и т. д.] разворачиваются/ в Лондоне и т. д. || be laid at smb.'s door свалить вину на кого-л.; the failure will be laid at your door ты окажешься виноватым в провале, вину за провал свалят /возложат/ на тебя /припишут тебе/
    3) be laid by smth. the oats were laid by the rainstorm (by the wind. etc.) овес побило ливнем и т. д., овес полег после ливня и т. д., be laid low by sickness coll. заболеть и быть вынужденным лежать (в постели), свалиться (от болезни), I've been laid low by influenza coll. грипп свалил меня; when he was laid low by typhoid fever... coll. когда он лежал в тифе...
    4) be laid before smb.'s smth. all facts were laid before the committee комиссии были представлены все факты
    5) be laid in some state the city was laid flat (in ruins) город был полностью разрушен (лежал в руинах); the country was laid waste страна была разорена
    7. XVI
    1) lay at some time lay in summer (in the morning, etc.) нестись /класть яйца/ летом и т. д.
    2) lay into smb. coll. he laid into us он набросился на нас (с кулаками), он начал дубасить /колотить/ нас
    3) || lay to one's oars налечь на весла
    8. XXI1
    1) lay smth. (up)on smth. lay smth. on a shelf (on the table, up(on) the bench, on the ground, etc.) класть /ставить/ что-л. на полку и т. д., lay one's hand on smb.'s shoulder (one's head on a pillow, etc.) класть /опускать/ руку на чье л. плечо и т. д.: no sooner did she lay her head on the pillow... не успела ее голова коснуться подушки...; lay colours on canvas накладывать /наносить/ краски на холст; lay one's cards on the table выложить карты на стол, говорить начистоту; lay smth. on smth.! smb. lay one's hopes on smth., smb. возлагать надежды на что-л., кого-л.; lay eyes on smth., smb. увидеть что-л., кого-л.; lay smb. on smth. lay smb. on his bed (the man on the ground, the poor girl on the bench, the wounded man on a stretcher, etc.) положить кого-л. на кровать и т. д., I laid myself upon the bed я улегся на кровать /разлегся на кровати/; lay smth. in smth. lay the body in the grave (the box in the hole, etc.) опустить тело в могилу и т.д., lay smth. along smth. she laid the flowerpots along the verandas (h) он it расставила горшки с цветами вдоль веранды; lay smth. at smth. lay the loot at her feet сложить добычу к ее ногам || lay [one's] hands on smth. coll. a) завладевать чем-л., присваивать что-л.; he will keep everything he can lay [his] hands on он не выпустит (из своих рук) то, что захватил; he is ready to lay hands on anything he sees он готов заграбастать все, что ни видит; б) найти; I can't lay my hands on it just now в данный момент я не могу этого найти; lay one's finger on smth. точно определить что-л. /указать на что-л./; lay попасть в точку; you always manage to lay your finger on the weak spot in my logic вам всегда удается обнаружить /раскрыть/ слабые стороны в моей аргументации / в моей логике/; lay hold on /of/ smth. захватить что-л., завладеть чем-л.; lay hold on /of/ the treasure (of the island, of their castle, etc.) захватить сокровище и т.д., завладеть сокровищем и т. д.; he laid hold of this idea он ухватился за эту мысль
    2) lay smth. on smb. lay blows (a stick, a whip, etc.) on smb. избивать кого-л., наносить удары кому-л.; lay one on smb. coll. дать кому-л. тумака /раза/; lay it on smb. coll. задать кому л. трепку, избить кого-л.; lay hands on smb. поднять руку на кого-л.; if you dare to lay a finger on her если ты только посмеешь пальцем ее тронуть /дотронуться до нее/; lay [violent] hands on oneself наложить на себя руки, покончить с собой
    3) lay smth. across smth. lay a plank across the ditch перекидывать доску через канаву; they decided to lay a bridge across this river они решили навести мост через эту реку; lay smth. with smth. lay a floor with a carpet застилать / покрывать/ пол ковром; lay the table for smth., smb. lay the table for breakfast (for dinner, for guests, for three, etc.) накрывать стол к завтраку и т. д.; lay smth. for /of/ smth. lay the foundation for /of/ smth. a) закладывать фундамент / основы/ чего-л.; this laid the foundation for his future success это положило начало его будущему успеху /послужило началом его будущего успеха/; б) приступать к чему-л.
    4) lay smth. before smth., smb. lay the information before the board (the facts before a committee, one's arguments before the lawyer, the plan before one's officer, one's ideas before one's friends, the scheme before them, etc.) представлять сведения комиссии и т.д.; lay the matter squarely before smb. честно /прямо/ изложить кому-л. дело /существо дела/; the lawyer laid his case before the court адвокат представил /изложил/ дело суду || lay [an] information against smb. доносить на кого-л.; he laid an information against them with the police он донес на них полиции
    5) lay smth. on smth. lay a tax (a duty) on wine (on cigarettes, on imported goods, etc.) облагать вино и т. д. налогом /пошлиной/; lay heavy taxes on tea and coffee обложить чай и кофе большим /высоким/ налогом; lay duty on tobacco обложить табак пошлиной; lay smth. on smb. lay this burden on him (an obligation on us all, a penalty on the man, etc.) накладывать это бремя на него и т. д.; lay a punishment on smb. наказать кого-л., наложить на кого-л. взыскание; lay smth., smb. under (on) smth. lay a conquered country (a town, the people, etc.) under contribution наложить контрибуцию на покоренную страну и т.д., lay smb. under [an] obligation наложить на кого-л. определенные обязательства; I laid myself under obligation to him я ему обязан, я у него в долгу; your conduct lays me under the necessity of punishing you твое поведение вынуждает меня прибегнуть к наказанию, ты плохо себя ведешь, и я вынужден наказать тебя; lay strict injunctions on smb. отдать кому-л. строгий приказ
    6) lay smth. against smb. lay a charge /an accusation/ against smb. выдвигать обвинение против кого-л.; lay an action against smb. предъявлять иск кому-л., возбуждать судебное дело против кого-л.; lay smth. on smb. lay the blame [for smth.] on smb. винить кого-л. [в чем-л.lay; they tried to lay the blame on me они пытались свалить вину на меня; lay smth. to smth. lay one's failure to smb.'s charge (one's misfortunes to smb.'s charge, the crime to smb.'s account, the blame to the account of smb., etc.) обвинять /винить/ кого-л. в своем провале и т. д. || lay the fault at smb.'s door обвинять кого-л., приписывать вину кому-л.; lay the blame at the right door обвинять того, кого следует, справедливо обвинять кого-л.
    7) lay smth. on smth. lay stress on this definition (stress on the event, weight on a word, emphasis on it, etc.) подчеркивать это определение и m. д.; he lays special emphasis on this fact он придает этому факту особое значение; he laid stress on the necessity for /of/ immediate action он подчеркнул необходимость действовать немедленно
    8) lay smth. on smb. lay bets on the runners делать ставки на бегунов; lay money on a horse ставить [деньги] на лошадь
    9) lay smth. in smth. lay a building in ashes сжигать здание до тла; lay a town in ruin (s) разрушать город до основания
    9. XXVI
    lay a bet that... I lay 10s. to one that he will not come ставлю десять шиллингов против одного, что он не придет; I am ready to lay a bet that you never saw a quicker horse (that they will win, that they will come, etc.) готов держать пари, что вы никогда не видели белее резвой лошади и т. д., I'll lay you a bet [that] he will never overtake us держу пари /давайте поспорим, готов биться об заклад/, что он ни за что не обгонит нас

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > lay

  • 20 Whitney, Eli

    [br]
    b. 8 December 1765 Westborough, Massachusetts, USA
    d. 8 January 1825 New Haven, Connecticut, USA
    [br]
    American inventor of the cotton gin and manufacturer of firearms.
    [br]
    The son of a prosperous farmer, Eli Whitney as a teenager showed more interest in mechanics than school work. At the age of 15 he began an enterprise business manufacturing nails in his father's workshop, even having to hire help to fulfil his orders. He later determined to acquire a university education and, his father having declined to provide funds, he taught at local schools to obtain the means to attend Leicester Academy, Massachusetts, in preparation for his entry to Yale in 1789. He graduated in 1792 and then decided to study law. He accepted a position in Georgia as a tutor that would have given him time for study; this post did not materialize, but on his journey south he met General Nathanael Greene's widow and the manager of her plantations, Phineas Miller (1764–1803). A feature of agriculture in the southern states was that the land was unsuitable for long-staple cotton but could yield large crops of green-seed cotton. Green-seed cotton was difficult to separate from its seed, and when Whitney learned of the problem in 1793 he quickly devised a machine known as the cotton gin, which provided an effective solution. He formed a partnership with Miller to manufacture the gin and in 1794 obtained a patent. This invention made possible the extraordinary growth of the cotton industry in the United States, but the patent was widely infringed and it was not until 1807, after amendment of the patent laws, that Whitney was able to obtain a favourable decision in the courts and some financial return.
    In 1798 Whitney was in financial difficulties following the failure of the initial legal action against infringement of the cotton gin patent, but in that year he obtained a government contract to supply 10,000 muskets within two years with generous advance payments. He built a factory at New Haven, Connecticut, and proposed to use a new method of manufacture, perhaps the first application of the system of interchangeable parts. He failed to supply the firearms in the specified time, and in fact the first 500 guns were not delivered until 1801 and the full contract was not completed until 1809.
    In 1812 Whitney made application for a renewal of his cotton gin patent, but this was refused. In the same year, however, he obtained a second contract from the Government for 15,000 firearms and a similar one from New York State which ensured the success of his business.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    J.Mirsky and A.Nevins, 1952, The World of Eli Whitney, New York (a good biography). P.J.Federico, 1960, "Records of Eli Whitney's cotton gin patent", Technology and Culture 1: 168–76 (for details of the cotton gin patent).
    R.S.Woodbury, 1960, The legend of Eli Whitney and interchangeable parts', Technology and Culture 1:235–53 (challenges the traditional view of Eli Whitney as the sole originator of the "American" system of manufacture).
    See also Technology and Culture 14(1973):592–8; 18(1977):146–8; 19(1978):609–11.
    RTS

    Biographical history of technology > Whitney, Eli

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